On the Lookout for Lead

Household lead poisoning is the leading environmental health hazard facing children in the U.S. today. It is estimated that between 50 to 60 million homes built prior to 1978 still contain lead in the form of paint, and even more may have dangerous levels of lead present in tap water due to lead-based plumbing pipes and solder. Luckily for parents, there are many resources available to test for and prevent household lead contamination.

Lead, a Powerful Toxin
Once absorbed by the body through inhalation or ingestion, lead can interfere with the function and development of organs, including red blood cells, kidneys, and the central nervous system and brain. At high levels, lead can cause convulsions and even death. At low levels, lead is identified with developmental problems, including lower IQ, learning disabilities and attention deficit disorder.

Most children are exposed to lead in the home through lead-contaminated household dust created as lead paint wears, breaks down and becomes airborne. Poisoning also occurs during home renovations that create lead-contaminated dust and debris, and through drinking water or contact with furnishings containing lead-based paint or finishes.

Identifying, Reducing and Eliminating Lead Dangers in the Home
Lead-based paint is the leading culprit in household lead poisoning. Paint containing lead is extremely durable and was used in many homes and apartments until 1978, particularly on walls, windowsills, doorway frames, and woodwork -- indoors and out. Surfaces in good condition, with no flaking or chalking evident, can be sealed using special lead-isolating paints, such as ChildGuard by Fiberlock Technologies (www.fiberlock.com), but cracked, chalky or peeling paint requires careful removal, usually be a professional.

Older painted furniture, newer imports, and pieces with the popular "distressed" look also can pose health risks, especially for very young children who may be pulling up and "mouthing" the surfaces. And, of course, older cribs should always be tested (though there are few that meet today's stringent safe design standards and are best avoided). If lead is present, the piece should be removed from the home, carefully refinished, or sealed with a urethane topcoat to isolate the lead surface. Even if the paint is in good condition, with no chalking or flaking evident, it is best to remove, refinish or seal the piece if accessible by small children.

Imported home decorating accents such as metal containers, pottery, and even some food presentation pieces can contain lead finishes. Keep any suspect items out of the reach of small children, and do not serve food in imported decorative pottery or metal ware unless marked food-safe.

Lead-contaminated tap water is another major cause of lead exposure, especially in newer homes. Lead plumbing pipes and solder were not banned until 1988, and lead can leach into a home's water, but this too can be tested and exposure minimized. If you suspect that your home's water may contain lead, always run the cold water tap for a minute or two before using water for drinking or cooking -- this flushes any water standing in the pipes. And never consume or cook with water from the hot water tap, as it more readily dissolves lead.

Lead Test Kits - A First Step to Prevention
If you suspect that your home may contain lead, lead test kits are an easy way to determine if you should have a thorough, professional inspection - especially if you are planning renovations. Lead test kits for paint, water and household items are available at many home improvement centers. More information about lead hazards and testing and abatement services in your area can be found at www.leadlisting.org


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